Dietary supplementation during COVID-19 pandemic Review article
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Published:
Dec 31, 2020
Keywords:
COVID-19, diet, dietary supplementation, nutrients, immunity
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nutrition has a significant role in maintain good general health, as well as immune system function. A good balanced, highly diverse diet, rich high-quality nutrients, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3), vitamins (B12, B6, C, E, A) and minerals (zinc and selenium) can improve individual immunity status, which is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic. Incorporating functional foods, being a good source of dietary fiber and live cultures of probiotic bacteria, may improve disease course, symptom management and decrease inflammation. Nevertheless, the efficacy of those dietary factors should be treated carefully, as research in this area are limited.
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How to Cite
Jurek , J. M. (2020). Dietary supplementation during COVID-19 pandemic. Cardiology in Practice, 14(3-4), 51-59. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/kwp/article/view/1168
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On the border of cardiology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
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33. Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Shadvar K et al. The Effect of Intravenous Selenium on Oxidative Stress in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Immunol Invest. 2019; 48(2): 147-59.
34. Lee YH, Lee SJ, Lee MK et al. Serum selenium levels in patients with respiratory diseases: a prospective observational study. J Thorac Dis. 2016; 8(8): 2068-78.
35. Zhang J, Taylor EW, Bennett K et al. Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020; 111(6): 1297-9.
36. Jiang CX, Xu CD, Yang CQ. Therapeutic Effects of Zinc Supplement as Adjunctive Therapy in Infants and Young Children with Rotavirus Enteritis. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2016; 18(9): 826-30.
37. Acevedo-Murillo JA, García León ML, Firo-Reyes V et al. Zinc Supplementation Promotes a Th1 Response and Improves Clinical Symptoms in Fewer Hours in Children With Pneumonia Younger Than 5 Years Old. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Pediatr. 2019; 7: 431.
38. Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Ahmadi NK et al. Zinc Sulphate for Acute Bronchiolitis: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Infez Med. 2016; 24(4): 331-6.
39. Derwand R, Scholz M. Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today’s battle against COVID-19? Med Hypotheses. 2020; 142: 109815.
40. Shittu MO, Afolami OI. Improving the efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 may require Zinc additives – A better synergy for future COVID-19 clinical trials. Infez Med. 2020; 28(2): 192-7.
2. Aman F, Masood S. How Nutrition can help to fight against COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci. 2020; 36(COVID19-S4): S121-S3.
3. Calder PC, Kew S. The immune system: a target for functional foods? Br J Nutr. 2002; 88(suppl 2): S165-77.
4. Butler MJ, Barrientosa RM. The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 53-4.
5. Green WD, Beck MA. Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017; 14: S406-S9.
6. Venter C, Eyerich S, Sarin T et al. Nutrition and the Immune System: A Complicated Tango. Nutrients. 2020; 12(3): E818.
7. Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G et al. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6): 1562.
8. Caccialanza R, Laviano A, Lobascio F et al. Early nutritional supplementation in non-critically ill patients hospitalized for the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Rationale and feasibility of a shared pragmatic protocol. Nutrition. 2020; 74: 110835.
9. Li P, Yin YL, Li D et al. Amino acids and immune function. Br J Nutr. 2007; 98(2): 237-52.
10. Brugliera L, Spina A, Castellazzi P et al. Nutritional management of COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation unit. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020; 74(6): 860-3.
11. Calder PC, Carr AC, Gombart AF et al. Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4): E1181.
12. Das UN. Can Bioactive Lipids Inactivate Coronavirus (COVID-19)? Arch Med Res. 2020; 51(3): 282-6.
13. Panigrahy D, Gilligan MM, Huang S et al. Inflammation resolution: a dual-pronged approach to averting cytokine storms in COVID-19? Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2020; 39(2): 337-40.
14. Hao Q, Dong BR, Wu T. Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; (2): CD006895.
15. Morais AHA, Passos TS, Maciel BLL et al. Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection? Nutrients. 2020; 12(6): 1737.
16. Xu K, Cai H, Shen Y et al. Management of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19): the Zhejiang experience. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020; 49(1): 147-57. (In Chinese).
17. Azagra-Boronat I, Massot-Cladera M, Knipping K et al. Strain-Specific Probiotic Properties of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli for the Prevention of Diarrhea Caused by Rotavirus in a Preclinical Model. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2): 498.
18. Park Y, Subar AF, Hollenbeck A et al. A. Dietary fiber intake and mortality in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. Arch Intern Med. 2011; 171: 1061-8.
19. Costabile A, Klinder A, Fava F et al. Whole-grain wheat breakfast cereal has a prebiotic effect on the human gut microbiota: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Br J Nutr. 2008; 99: 110-20.
20. Hemilä H, Chalker E. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; (1): CD000980.
21. Hunt C, Chakravorty NK, Annan G et al. The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1994; 64(3): 212-9.
22. Ran L, Zhao W, Wang J et al. Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2018; 4: 1-12.
23. Xu Z, Yang L, Zhang X et al. Discovery of Potential Flavonoid Inhibitors Against COVID-19 3CL Proteinase Based on Virtual Screening Strategy. Front Mol Biosci. 2020; 7: 556481.
24. Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2017; 356: i6583.
25. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL et al. Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4): E988.
26. Rhodes JM, Subramanian S, Laird E et al. Low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020; 51(12): 1434-37.
27. Raharusun P, Priambada S, Budiarti C et al. Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality and Vitamin D: An Indonesian Study. SSRN Electronic Journal. 2020.
28. D’Avolio A, Avataneo V, Manca A et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5): 1359.
29. Ghani SMA, Goon JA, Azman N et al. Comparing the effects of vitamin E tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation and alpha-tocopherol supplementation on gene expression in healthy older adults. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74: e688.
30. De la Fuente M, Hernanz A, Guayerbas N et al. Vitamin E ingestion improves several immune functions in elderly men and women. Free Radic Res. 2008; 42(3): 272-80.
31. Meydani SN, Leka LS, Fine BC et al. Vitamin E and respiratory tract infections in elderly nursing home residents: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004; 292: 828-36.
32. Ivory K, Prieto E, Spinks C et al. Selenium Supplementation Has Beneficial and Detrimental Effects on Immunity to Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36(2): 407-15.
33. Mahmoodpoor A, Hamishehkar H, Shadvar K et al. The Effect of Intravenous Selenium on Oxidative Stress in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Immunol Invest. 2019; 48(2): 147-59.
34. Lee YH, Lee SJ, Lee MK et al. Serum selenium levels in patients with respiratory diseases: a prospective observational study. J Thorac Dis. 2016; 8(8): 2068-78.
35. Zhang J, Taylor EW, Bennett K et al. Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020; 111(6): 1297-9.
36. Jiang CX, Xu CD, Yang CQ. Therapeutic Effects of Zinc Supplement as Adjunctive Therapy in Infants and Young Children with Rotavirus Enteritis. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2016; 18(9): 826-30.
37. Acevedo-Murillo JA, García León ML, Firo-Reyes V et al. Zinc Supplementation Promotes a Th1 Response and Improves Clinical Symptoms in Fewer Hours in Children With Pneumonia Younger Than 5 Years Old. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Front Pediatr. 2019; 7: 431.
38. Mahyar A, Ayazi P, Ahmadi NK et al. Zinc Sulphate for Acute Bronchiolitis: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Infez Med. 2016; 24(4): 331-6.
39. Derwand R, Scholz M. Does zinc supplementation enhance the clinical efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine to win today’s battle against COVID-19? Med Hypotheses. 2020; 142: 109815.
40. Shittu MO, Afolami OI. Improving the efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 may require Zinc additives – A better synergy for future COVID-19 clinical trials. Infez Med. 2020; 28(2): 192-7.