Jatrogenne nadciśnienie tętnicze Artykuł przeglądowy
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wrz 30, 2007
Słowa kluczowe:
nadciśnienie tętnicze, niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne, cyklosporyna, erytropoetyna
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Abstrakt
Badania epidemiologiczne wskazują na niedostateczną skuteczność leczenia nadciśnienia tętniczego u większości chorych. Jedną z przyczyn braku skuteczności terapii hipotensyjnej jest jednoczesne stosowanie leków o działaniu hipertensyjnym. Do leków tych należą: niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne, kortykosteroidy, antydepresanty, w tym inhibitory monoaminooksydazy, preparaty zawierające lukrecję, klonidyna, leki przeciwmigrenowe (tryptany, pochodne ergortaminy), cyklosporyna, takrolimus, doustne środki antykoncepcyjne, sibutramina, niektóre chemioterapeutyki, sympatykomimetyki oraz leki zmniejszające wchłanianie leków hipotensyjnych. Odstawienie leku o działaniu hipertensyjnym lub jego zamiana na inny preparat o mniej nasilonych działaniach niepożądanych zwiększa szansę na powodzenie terapii hipotensyjnej.
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Andrzejak , R., & Martynowicz , H. (2007). Jatrogenne nadciśnienie tętnicze . Kardiologia W Praktyce, 1(3), 132-138. Pobrano z https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/kwp/article/view/1706
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Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
Bibliografia
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2. Johnson A.G., Nguyen T.V., Day R.O.: Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure? A meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1994, 21: 289-300.
3. Johnson A.G., Nguyen T.V., Day R.O.: Do nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure? A meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1995, 122: 397.
4. Hansson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers S.G., Dahlof B., Elmfeldt D., Julius S. et al.: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 1998, 351: 1755-1762.
5. Hermida R.C., Ayala D.E., Calvo C., López J.E.: Aspirin administered at bedtime, but not on awakening, has an effect on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005, 46: 975-983.
6. Cheng H.F., Harris R.C.: Cyclooxygenases, the kidney, and hypertension. Hypertension 2004, 43: 525-530.
7. Silverstein F.E., Faich G., Goldstein J.L., Pincus T., Whelton A., Makuch R. et al.: Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA 2000, 284: 1247-1255.
8. Bombardier C., Laine L., Reicin A., Shapiro D., Burgos-Vargas R., Davis B. et al.: VIGOR Study Group. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000, 343:1520-1528.
9. Juni P., Nartey L., Reichenbach S., Sterchi R., Dieppe P.A., Egger M.: Risk of cardiovascular events and rofecoxib: umulative meta-analysis. Lancet 2004, 364: 2021-2029.
10. Whitworth J.A., Gordon D., Andrews J. Scoggins B.A.: The hypertensive effect of synthetic glucocorticoids in man: role of sodium and volume. J. Hypertens. 1989, 7: 537-549.
11. Tam S.H., Williamson P.M., Kelly J.J., Whitworth J.A.: Autonomic blockade amplifies cortisol-induced hypertension in man. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1997, 24: 31-33.
12. Pirpiris M., Yeung S., Dewar E., Jennings G.L., Whitworth J.A.: Hydrocortisone- induced hypertension in men: the role of cardiac output. Am J. Hypertens. 1993, 6: 287-294.
13. Turner S.W., Wen C., Lim A., Whitworth J.A.: L-Arginine prevents corticotropin-induced increases in blood pressure in the rat. Hypertension 1996, 27: 184-189.
14. Kelly J.J., Tam S.H., Williamson P.M., Lawson J., Whitworth J.A.: The nitric oxide system and cortisol-induced hypertension in humans. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1998, 25: 945-946.
15. Johns D.G., Dorrance A.M., Tramontini N.L., Webb R.C.: Glucocorticoids Inhibit Tetrahydrobiopterin-Dependent Endothelial Function. Exp. Biol. Med. 2001, 226: 27-31.
16. Elliott W.J.: Drug interactions and drugs that affect blood pressure. J. Clin. Hypertens. 2006, 8: 731-737.
17. Grodzicki T., Nęcki M.: Nadciśnienie tętnicze u chorego w wieku podeszłym – zasady postępowania. Przew. Lek. 2003, 6, 70-81.
18. Mackay F.R., Dunn N.R., Martin R.M., Pearce G.L., Freemantle S.N., Mann R.D.: Newer antidepressants: a comparison of tolerability in general practice. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 1999, 49: 892-896.
19. Jette N., Veregin T., Guberman A.: Carbamazepine-induced hypertension. Neurology 2002, 59: 275-276.
20. Blecharz-Klin K., Piechal A., Pyrzanowska J., Widy-Tyszkiewicz E.: Interakcje leków roślinnych stosowanych w chorobach układu oddechowego. Herba Polonica, 2005, 51: 3-4.
21. Fugh-Berman A.: Herb-drug interactions. Lancet 2000, 355: 134-138.
22. Lungu A.O., Jin Z.G., Yamawaki H., Tanimoto T., Wong C., Berk B.C.: Cyclosporin A Inhibits Flow-mediated Activation of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase by Altering Cholesterol Content in Caveolae J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279: 48794-48800.
23. Roy M.: First Improving long-term renal transplant outcomes with tacrolimus: speculation vs evidence Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2004, 916: 17-22.
24. Margreiter R., Pohanka E., Sparacino V., Sperschneider H., Kunzendorf U.: Large European study of the switch to tacrolimus for cyclosporine-related side effects. Am. J. Transplant 2002, 2: 405.
25. Miyashita K., Tojo A., Kimura K., Goto A., Omata M., Nishiyama K. et al.: Blood Pressure Response to Erythropoietin Injection in Hemodialysis and Predialysis Patients Hypertens. Res. 2004, 27: 79-84.
26. Nonnast-Daniel B., Creutzig A., Kühn K., Bahlmann J., Reimers E., Brunkhorst R. et al.: Effect of treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin on peripheral hemodynamics and oxygenation. Contrib. Nephrol. 1988, 66: 185-194.
27. Schaefer R.M., Leschke M., Strauer B.E., Heidland A.: Blood rheology and hypertension in hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietin. Am. J. Nephrol. 1988, 8: 449-453.
28. The US Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Predialysis Study Group: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the therapeutic use of recombinant human erythropoietin for anemia associated with chronic renal failure in predialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1991, 18: 50-59.
29. Lim V.S.: Recombinant human erythropoietin in predialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1991, 18: 34.
30. Raine A.E., Roger S.D.: Effects of erythropoietin on blood pressure. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1991, 18: 76-83.
31. Maschio G.: Erythropoietin and systemic hypertension. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1995, 10: 74-79.
32. Hunyor S.N., Hansson L., Harrison T.S., Hoobler S.W.: Effects of clonidine withdrawal: possible mechanisms and suggestions for management Br. Med. J. 1973, 2: 209-211.
33. Hunyor S.N., Bradstock K., Somerville P.J., Lucas N.: Clonidine overdose. Br. Med. J. 1975, 4: 23.
34. James W.: Fisher Erythropoietin: Physiology and Pharmacology Update Experimental Biology and Medicine 2003, 228: 1-14.
35. Henderson D.C., Copeland P.M., Daley T.B., Borba C.P., Cather C., Nguyen D.D. et al.: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sibutramine for olanzapine-associated weigh gain. Am. J. Psychiatry 2005, 162: 954-962.
36. Narkiewicz K.: Sibutramine and its cardiovascular profile. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2002, 26: 38-41. 37. Hazenberg B.P.: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of sibutramine in obese hypertensive patients. Cardiology 2000, 94: 152-158.
37. McMahon F.G., Fujioka K., Singh B.N., Mendel C.M., Rowe E., Rolston K. et al.: Efficacy and safety of sibutramine in obese white and African American patients with hypertension: a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 2000, 160: 2185-2191.
38. McMahon F.G., Weinstein S.P., Rowe E., Ernst K.R., Johnson F., Fujioka K. Sibutramine is safe and effective for weight loss in obese patients whose hypertension is well controlled with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2002, 16: 5-11.
39. Cantu C., Arauz A., Murillo-Bonilla L., López M., Barinagarrementeria F.: Stroke Associated With Sympathomimetics Contained in Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Drugs. Stroke 2003, 34: 1667-1672.
40. Wilens T.E., Hammerness P.G., Biederman J., Kwon A., Spencer T.J., Clark S. et al.: Blood pressure changes associated with medication treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2005, 66: 253-259.
41. Jain A.K., Kaplan R.A., Gadde K.M., Wadden T.A., Allison D.B., Brewer E.R. et al.: Bupropion SR vs. placebo for weight loss in obese patients with depressive symptoms. Obes. Res. 2002, 10: 1049- 1056.
42. Woods J.W.: Oral contraceptives and hypertension Lancet 1967, 2: 653.
43. Laragh J.H., Sealey J.E., Ledingham J.G., Newton M.A.: Oral contraceptives. Renin, aldosterone, and high blood pressure. JAMA 1967, 201: 918-922.
44. Clezy T.M., Foy B.N., Hodge R.L., Lumbers E.R.: Oral contraceptives and hypertension. An epidemiological survey. Br. Heart J. 1972, 34: 1238-1243.
45. Weir R.J., Briggs E., Mack A., Naismith L., Taylor L., Wilson E.: Blood pressure in women taking oral contraceptives. Br. Med. J. 1974, 1: 533- 535.
46. Fisch I.R., Frank J.: Oral contraceptives and blood pressure. JAMA 1977, 237: 2499-2503.
47. Goldhaber S.Z., Hennekens C.H., Spark R.F., Evans D.A., Rosner B., Taylor J.O. et al.: Plasma renin substrate, renin activity, and aldosterone levels in a sample of oral contraceptive users from a community survey. Am. Heart J. 1984, 107: 119-122.
48. Godsland I.F.: Interaction of oral contraceptive use with the effects of age, exercise habits and other cardiovascular risk modifiers on metabolic risk markers. Contraception 1996, 53: 9-16.
49. Godsland I.F., Walton C., Felton C., Proudler A., Patel A., Wynn V.: Insulin resistance, secretion, and metabolism in users of oral contraceptives. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992, 74: 64-70.
50. Godsland I.F., Crook D., Simpson R., Proudler T., Felton C., Lees B. et al.: The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323: 1375-1381.
51. August P., Oparil S.: Hypertension in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.1999, 84: 1862-1866.
52. WHO Task Force on Oral Contraceptives. The WHO Multicentre Trial of the Vasopressor Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptives. I. Comparisons with IUD. Contraception 1989, 40: 129-145.
53. Tapia H.R., Johnson C.E., Strong C.G.: Effect of oral contraceptive therapy on the renin-angiotensin system in normotensive and hypertensive women. Obstet. Gynecol. 1973, 41: 643-649.
54. Byrne K.B., Geraghty D.P., Stewart B.J., Burcher E.: Effect of contraceptive steriod and anlapril treatment on systolic blood pressure and plasma renin-angiotensin in the rat. Clin. Exp. Hypertension 1994, 16: 627–657.
2. Johnson A.G., Nguyen T.V., Day R.O.: Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure? A meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1994, 21: 289-300.
3. Johnson A.G., Nguyen T.V., Day R.O.: Do nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs affect blood pressure? A meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1995, 122: 397.
4. Hansson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers S.G., Dahlof B., Elmfeldt D., Julius S. et al.: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 1998, 351: 1755-1762.
5. Hermida R.C., Ayala D.E., Calvo C., López J.E.: Aspirin administered at bedtime, but not on awakening, has an effect on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2005, 46: 975-983.
6. Cheng H.F., Harris R.C.: Cyclooxygenases, the kidney, and hypertension. Hypertension 2004, 43: 525-530.
7. Silverstein F.E., Faich G., Goldstein J.L., Pincus T., Whelton A., Makuch R. et al.: Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA 2000, 284: 1247-1255.
8. Bombardier C., Laine L., Reicin A., Shapiro D., Burgos-Vargas R., Davis B. et al.: VIGOR Study Group. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. VIGOR Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000, 343:1520-1528.
9. Juni P., Nartey L., Reichenbach S., Sterchi R., Dieppe P.A., Egger M.: Risk of cardiovascular events and rofecoxib: umulative meta-analysis. Lancet 2004, 364: 2021-2029.
10. Whitworth J.A., Gordon D., Andrews J. Scoggins B.A.: The hypertensive effect of synthetic glucocorticoids in man: role of sodium and volume. J. Hypertens. 1989, 7: 537-549.
11. Tam S.H., Williamson P.M., Kelly J.J., Whitworth J.A.: Autonomic blockade amplifies cortisol-induced hypertension in man. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1997, 24: 31-33.
12. Pirpiris M., Yeung S., Dewar E., Jennings G.L., Whitworth J.A.: Hydrocortisone- induced hypertension in men: the role of cardiac output. Am J. Hypertens. 1993, 6: 287-294.
13. Turner S.W., Wen C., Lim A., Whitworth J.A.: L-Arginine prevents corticotropin-induced increases in blood pressure in the rat. Hypertension 1996, 27: 184-189.
14. Kelly J.J., Tam S.H., Williamson P.M., Lawson J., Whitworth J.A.: The nitric oxide system and cortisol-induced hypertension in humans. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1998, 25: 945-946.
15. Johns D.G., Dorrance A.M., Tramontini N.L., Webb R.C.: Glucocorticoids Inhibit Tetrahydrobiopterin-Dependent Endothelial Function. Exp. Biol. Med. 2001, 226: 27-31.
16. Elliott W.J.: Drug interactions and drugs that affect blood pressure. J. Clin. Hypertens. 2006, 8: 731-737.
17. Grodzicki T., Nęcki M.: Nadciśnienie tętnicze u chorego w wieku podeszłym – zasady postępowania. Przew. Lek. 2003, 6, 70-81.
18. Mackay F.R., Dunn N.R., Martin R.M., Pearce G.L., Freemantle S.N., Mann R.D.: Newer antidepressants: a comparison of tolerability in general practice. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 1999, 49: 892-896.
19. Jette N., Veregin T., Guberman A.: Carbamazepine-induced hypertension. Neurology 2002, 59: 275-276.
20. Blecharz-Klin K., Piechal A., Pyrzanowska J., Widy-Tyszkiewicz E.: Interakcje leków roślinnych stosowanych w chorobach układu oddechowego. Herba Polonica, 2005, 51: 3-4.
21. Fugh-Berman A.: Herb-drug interactions. Lancet 2000, 355: 134-138.
22. Lungu A.O., Jin Z.G., Yamawaki H., Tanimoto T., Wong C., Berk B.C.: Cyclosporin A Inhibits Flow-mediated Activation of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase by Altering Cholesterol Content in Caveolae J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279: 48794-48800.
23. Roy M.: First Improving long-term renal transplant outcomes with tacrolimus: speculation vs evidence Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2004, 916: 17-22.
24. Margreiter R., Pohanka E., Sparacino V., Sperschneider H., Kunzendorf U.: Large European study of the switch to tacrolimus for cyclosporine-related side effects. Am. J. Transplant 2002, 2: 405.
25. Miyashita K., Tojo A., Kimura K., Goto A., Omata M., Nishiyama K. et al.: Blood Pressure Response to Erythropoietin Injection in Hemodialysis and Predialysis Patients Hypertens. Res. 2004, 27: 79-84.
26. Nonnast-Daniel B., Creutzig A., Kühn K., Bahlmann J., Reimers E., Brunkhorst R. et al.: Effect of treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin on peripheral hemodynamics and oxygenation. Contrib. Nephrol. 1988, 66: 185-194.
27. Schaefer R.M., Leschke M., Strauer B.E., Heidland A.: Blood rheology and hypertension in hemodialysis patients treated with erythropoietin. Am. J. Nephrol. 1988, 8: 449-453.
28. The US Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Predialysis Study Group: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the therapeutic use of recombinant human erythropoietin for anemia associated with chronic renal failure in predialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1991, 18: 50-59.
29. Lim V.S.: Recombinant human erythropoietin in predialysis patients. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1991, 18: 34.
30. Raine A.E., Roger S.D.: Effects of erythropoietin on blood pressure. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1991, 18: 76-83.
31. Maschio G.: Erythropoietin and systemic hypertension. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1995, 10: 74-79.
32. Hunyor S.N., Hansson L., Harrison T.S., Hoobler S.W.: Effects of clonidine withdrawal: possible mechanisms and suggestions for management Br. Med. J. 1973, 2: 209-211.
33. Hunyor S.N., Bradstock K., Somerville P.J., Lucas N.: Clonidine overdose. Br. Med. J. 1975, 4: 23.
34. James W.: Fisher Erythropoietin: Physiology and Pharmacology Update Experimental Biology and Medicine 2003, 228: 1-14.
35. Henderson D.C., Copeland P.M., Daley T.B., Borba C.P., Cather C., Nguyen D.D. et al.: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sibutramine for olanzapine-associated weigh gain. Am. J. Psychiatry 2005, 162: 954-962.
36. Narkiewicz K.: Sibutramine and its cardiovascular profile. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2002, 26: 38-41. 37. Hazenberg B.P.: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of sibutramine in obese hypertensive patients. Cardiology 2000, 94: 152-158.
37. McMahon F.G., Fujioka K., Singh B.N., Mendel C.M., Rowe E., Rolston K. et al.: Efficacy and safety of sibutramine in obese white and African American patients with hypertension: a 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arch. Intern. Med. 2000, 160: 2185-2191.
38. McMahon F.G., Weinstein S.P., Rowe E., Ernst K.R., Johnson F., Fujioka K. Sibutramine is safe and effective for weight loss in obese patients whose hypertension is well controlled with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2002, 16: 5-11.
39. Cantu C., Arauz A., Murillo-Bonilla L., López M., Barinagarrementeria F.: Stroke Associated With Sympathomimetics Contained in Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Drugs. Stroke 2003, 34: 1667-1672.
40. Wilens T.E., Hammerness P.G., Biederman J., Kwon A., Spencer T.J., Clark S. et al.: Blood pressure changes associated with medication treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2005, 66: 253-259.
41. Jain A.K., Kaplan R.A., Gadde K.M., Wadden T.A., Allison D.B., Brewer E.R. et al.: Bupropion SR vs. placebo for weight loss in obese patients with depressive symptoms. Obes. Res. 2002, 10: 1049- 1056.
42. Woods J.W.: Oral contraceptives and hypertension Lancet 1967, 2: 653.
43. Laragh J.H., Sealey J.E., Ledingham J.G., Newton M.A.: Oral contraceptives. Renin, aldosterone, and high blood pressure. JAMA 1967, 201: 918-922.
44. Clezy T.M., Foy B.N., Hodge R.L., Lumbers E.R.: Oral contraceptives and hypertension. An epidemiological survey. Br. Heart J. 1972, 34: 1238-1243.
45. Weir R.J., Briggs E., Mack A., Naismith L., Taylor L., Wilson E.: Blood pressure in women taking oral contraceptives. Br. Med. J. 1974, 1: 533- 535.
46. Fisch I.R., Frank J.: Oral contraceptives and blood pressure. JAMA 1977, 237: 2499-2503.
47. Goldhaber S.Z., Hennekens C.H., Spark R.F., Evans D.A., Rosner B., Taylor J.O. et al.: Plasma renin substrate, renin activity, and aldosterone levels in a sample of oral contraceptive users from a community survey. Am. Heart J. 1984, 107: 119-122.
48. Godsland I.F.: Interaction of oral contraceptive use with the effects of age, exercise habits and other cardiovascular risk modifiers on metabolic risk markers. Contraception 1996, 53: 9-16.
49. Godsland I.F., Walton C., Felton C., Proudler A., Patel A., Wynn V.: Insulin resistance, secretion, and metabolism in users of oral contraceptives. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992, 74: 64-70.
50. Godsland I.F., Crook D., Simpson R., Proudler T., Felton C., Lees B. et al.: The effects of different formulations of oral contraceptive agents on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323: 1375-1381.
51. August P., Oparil S.: Hypertension in women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.1999, 84: 1862-1866.
52. WHO Task Force on Oral Contraceptives. The WHO Multicentre Trial of the Vasopressor Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptives. I. Comparisons with IUD. Contraception 1989, 40: 129-145.
53. Tapia H.R., Johnson C.E., Strong C.G.: Effect of oral contraceptive therapy on the renin-angiotensin system in normotensive and hypertensive women. Obstet. Gynecol. 1973, 41: 643-649.
54. Byrne K.B., Geraghty D.P., Stewart B.J., Burcher E.: Effect of contraceptive steriod and anlapril treatment on systolic blood pressure and plasma renin-angiotensin in the rat. Clin. Exp. Hypertension 1994, 16: 627–657.